As more Australians explore Japan’s hidden gems, experts at Japan Rail Pass have released a guide on navigating Japan’s unique cultural etiquette and customs.

This guide is perfect for travellers ready to dig deeper into a truly authentic Japanese winter.

Key things to remember when visiting Japan this winter

Greetings and bowing

The customs for greetings in Japan look noticeably different than those in most western countries, and bowing is the most common Japanese greeting, ranging from a nod of the head to a deep bend at the waist. Bowing is not one size fits all in Japan as there are different types for different situations depending on context, social status, age, and more. In more casual situations, for example, a bow of the head (similar to a nod) may suffice.

Tourists are not expected to know the intricacies of the bowing customs in Japan. Travellers can follow suit with those around them, and after some time, they will likely be choosing the appropriate bow without even thinking about it.

Hygiene etiquette

Although COVID is now endemic, travellers may see many people wearing masks in public, with estimates suggesting around a third continue to do so by December. If someone is wearing a mask, tourists must be mindful and respect their personal space, as hygiene remains a priority.

In congested areas, travellers must avoid blowing their nose in public, as it’s considered impolite, not just for cleanliness, but also to maintain harmony and avoid causing disruptions. Sniffling or waiting until they are in private is the acceptable way for people to deal with this situation.

Research identified Japan to be the cleanest country in Asia, so it’s no surprise they take their hygiene seriously. Clean streets are considered a source of pride, so people hold onto their rubbish until they find a bin. Smokers often carry portable ashtrays to dispose of cigarette butts where bins aren’t available.

Restaurant culture and table manners

Although eating out in Japan is a different experience to traditional western restaurants, tourists will pick up the customs and learn as they go. However, here are some simple pointers to help get started.

• Many Japanese restaurants will have traditional seating, consisting of low tables and cushions on the tatami floor. Guests need to take off their shoes before stepping onto the tatami floor and avoid stepping on any cushions other than their own.
• Before the meal, a hot steamed towel (“oshibori”) is offered to guests and should be used to clean their hands (not their face).
• It is common to wait until everyone has received their food, and then start the meal with the phrase “itadakimasu” (“I gratefully receive”).
• When eating from a small bowl, it is good manners to pick this up with your hand and bring it closer to your mouth.
• Slurping is encouraged.
• Guests should avoid raising food above their mouth during the meal.
• Chopstick rules: Never stab food, don’t place chopsticks upright in the bowl, use the opposite end of chopsticks to serve food from a communal dish, don’t use chopsticks to point at things.
• It’s customary to serve each other, so guests should never pour their own drink.
• At the end of the meal, return everything on the table to how it was at the beginning, returning lids to dishes and placing chopsticks back on the rest or holder.
• Usually, the person who invited everyone will pay for the meal.

Etiquette in the street

• Avoid loitering and blocking the flow of traffic, especially on busy streets. If a person must stop, they have to move to an area where they will not be disturbing the flow. This is especially important if they have lots of luggage taking up space.
• It’s considered bad manners to eat or drink whilst walking in Japan. Instead, stop and take a break whilst you eat; many places (including many convenience stores) have designated places for you to stop and eat.
• This rule also applies to smoking whilst walking: it is common courtesy to go to a designated smoking area, as this is the most respectful to people around.
• Whilst it may be tempting in today’s photo-obsessed culture, tourists should not approach the Geishas and Maiko for selfies in the street. They are working and often hurrying from one engagement to another, and as such, it is very disrespectful to hold them up for the purposes of getting a photo.
• Another golden rule to bear in mind in Japan: do not blow your nose in public as it is seen as very rude.

Travel & public transport

Travel by train or via the subway system is the most common method of getting around in Japan, and both etiquette and rules surrounding train travel in Japan can be quite different to that you’d experience in other countries.

Key things to keep in mind when utilising the countries excellent train systems as a tourist:

• When moving around, always follow the flow of traffic – don’t worry, there tend to be arrows or signs to help point you in the right direction.
• Politeness is key when travelling by train, so ensuring you’re paying attention when walking around, waiting politely to board the train, and generally being observant of your surroundings is vital.
• If you have to make use of priority seating, you must give up your seat and respect the rules should someone who is elderly, disabled, or pregnant board the train.
• Whilst in some countries, taking phone calls or playing on your phone is widely accepted, in Japan this is certainly not the case. As such, you should keep your phone on silent and avoid taking calls when onboard and keep any noise to a minimum.
• Much like talking on the phone, conversations with your travel companions should also be done at a low level of volume.
• Eating and drinking is also not widely accepted, unless travelling via the bullet train.
• Being mindful of others, especially when it comes to space, is essential. You should never take up more than one seat on a train to accommodate your belongings.

“Adjusting to a world of new etiquette and customs may seem initially confusing as a visitor to Japan, but it isn’t something that should deter you from visiting this beautiful country,” Japan Rail Pass founder and owner, Haroun Khan, said.

“Experiencing a different culture to your own is an exciting opportunity and one to jump into. Japan is an incredibly welcoming place, and no visitor is expected to know the ins and outs of every unique custom, however, learning some of the basic etiquette is always an appreciated effort. Of course, these are just some of the many common courtesies and rules followed when in Japan, and the country has many other fascinating rules to keep in mind when travelling around there, so we’d encourage you to do your research before you visit.”